jason121
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Over the last few years the degradation of crystalline silicon solar modules has been observed in
installations if the cell has been polarized with a negative voltage bias. This occurs when transformerless
inverters are used in the PV System, the effect is called Potential Induced Degradation (PID).
Potential Induced Degradation (PID) is regarded as one of the major negative influences on the
energy output of solar modules. The observed performance degrades over 30 percent.*
Four independent institutes, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), the
Photovoltaic-Institute Berlin (PI-Berlin), TÜV Rheinland and the VDE institute of testing- and
certification, have set up test conditions for the PID sensitivity of crystalline PV modules.**
During the test of TÜV Rheinland, a negative voltage of 1,000 Volts is applied to the modules while at
room temperature (25 degree Celsius) over a period of 7 days (168 hours). For an exact comparison
the module front is covered and grounded with aluminium foil or a constant water film. Those
modules with performance declines of less than 5 % are deemed to have passed the test
installations if the cell has been polarized with a negative voltage bias. This occurs when transformerless
inverters are used in the PV System, the effect is called Potential Induced Degradation (PID).
Potential Induced Degradation (PID) is regarded as one of the major negative influences on the
energy output of solar modules. The observed performance degrades over 30 percent.*
Four independent institutes, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), the
Photovoltaic-Institute Berlin (PI-Berlin), TÜV Rheinland and the VDE institute of testing- and
certification, have set up test conditions for the PID sensitivity of crystalline PV modules.**
During the test of TÜV Rheinland, a negative voltage of 1,000 Volts is applied to the modules while at
room temperature (25 degree Celsius) over a period of 7 days (168 hours). For an exact comparison
the module front is covered and grounded with aluminium foil or a constant water film. Those
modules with performance declines of less than 5 % are deemed to have passed the test
