This can be a simple procedure, testing all points, checking all bells/sounders operate as well as sound level checks in each area -changing any batteries in excess of 4yrs this would be for a standard 24v system, checking log books and routine tests have be done by assigned safety/fire test person etc etc, or it can be alot more complicated with addressable systems with data logging, printout, programmable options etc (usually specialist companies do the service testing on these, i usually get GENT out to do yearly service at local schools as its there system installed, either way a report needs to be filled out and issued, and from your question i'd say you really need to swat up on requirements etc for fire alarms in different environments as your service report will also need to point out any issues with how its installed.
A background of fitting and wiring fire alarm to regulations is a minimum in my mind so you know what you are looking for while testing and what improvements may need to be made.
Remember this is a safety system and if you ok it and then someone is injured or dies due to existing system having flaws that you should have made client aware of then the blame will be in your hands.