Not ever.
Most smoke detectors have a parking terminal for the CPC. Apart from BS 7671 making clear (as has been pointed out) that the CPC can't ever be used to carry phase, even with over sleeving at terminations - if that flex is ever broken along its length, what is someone going to assume is present on the CPC? Worse, assuming disconnection from supply prior to working, that alleged CPC is then connected to the earth terminals of other circuit devices (as happens, though wrongly), and presto, a potentially "live" building - especially on non 17th installations.
IMHO, it isn't a suitable cable type for smoke detectors in any case. They are there for LIFE safety, typically, and should be treated as such.
Whilst it is still acceptable to use 624x pvc cable for some installations, BS 5839-6 has a clear distinction regarding suitable cable. Anything above a Grade D installation should be in fire resisting cable, and that's mandatory for Grades B and A. All smoke detection in dwellings should be installed to comply with BS 5839-6.
As a rule of thumb, we always use fire resisting cable on any system which has a "central control" or common power supply, and in any situation where there's likely to be a need to identify specifically cable for the fire system, distinct from a general circuit. That's most of them.