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Hi All - What test can you carry out and how to find out whether exposed copper pipe work requires bonding ?????
 
This is how the 22Kohm figure is obtained
Rcp>(Uo/Ib)-Ztl
where:
Rcp is the measured resistance between the conductive part concerned and the MET of the installation (in ohms),Uo is the nominal voltage to Earth of the installation (in volts), Ib is the value of current through the human body (or livestock) which should not be exceeded (in amperes), and Ztl is the impedance of the human body or livestock (in ohms).

Guide to effects of current on human beings and livestock provides data for Ztl and Ib. For hand-to-hand contact, the value of the body impedance is given as 1000 Ohms in dry conditions where Uo is 230 V. You can then select a value of Ib between the two extremes:0.5 mA – the threshold of perception and 10 mA – the let-go threshold

Rcp>(Uo/Ib)–Ztl=(230/0.01)-1000=23000–1000=22Kohms
 

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