A 2012 report into police corruption in England and Wales by the IPCC noted the prevalence of the serious offences referred to them from 2008 to 2011; perverting the course of justice (33%), theft or fraud (30%), abuse of authority (15%), unauthorised disclosure of information (13%), and misuse of systems (9%).
[212] The IPCC received 837 referrals during this period, mostly from UK citizens.
[212] 47 cases were referred for prosecution, resulting in ten prison sentences, one suspended sentence and one fine.
[212] As a result of all investigations into the corruption and misconduct of UK police and staff between 1 April 2013 and 31 March 2014, 134 police officers and staff were dismissed, while a further 711 faced disciplinary sanctions.
[210] 103
Metropolitan Police officers were also suspended during this period.
[213] Offences included drug related offences, bribery, theft or fraud, sexual misconduct, and information disclosure, where information disclosure and theft or fraud were the most common offences.
[210][213] The Directorate of Professional standards considers the "exploitation of staff through inappropriate relationships with journalists, private investigators and criminals" the biggest threat to police integrity.
[213]