Look at the switching rating of the main switch as mentioned before it would be like a AC23 rating etc if as i suspect it is its adequete for switching on load including medium inductive loads then if all other avenues have been drained it sounds like the 'N make first' contact failed to do so and to be honest il be supprised if a split second difference was the cause with the amount of equipement damaged this sounds like N was off line for quite a few seconds if not longer.
Even if the switch is adequate for load switching its a practice you shouldn't get into doing as you rely on the the switches 'Make N-first' and 'break N-last' as any issue with this may damage sensitive equipment but i see you already realise your error..... even after throwing the main switch on i would always check N is present before bringing the loads on line.
Obviously we are discussing a 4pole device here as 3pole pose lesser risk as long as they are adequate for load switching.
hi Darkwood, the neutral is in a fixed terminal so was never disconnected, the links are tight and connection !!!
does this help any more ??