Take it you mean why the "4" on the ring formula and not on the radial formula. Reason is that the current is not travelling the full length. From the most distant point on the ring final circuit the current can take 2 routes that are in parallel to each other and
they are only half the total length of the circuit.
edit - and an A1 ring is 2.5mm in plastic insulated cables for floor area of 100m²
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