OP
Nigel
A lot of the time, a child's first job is with a friend of the family, so there is a little bit of parental bartering going on.
We gently pushed our daughter into going into the local pub herself with her CV and asking if their was any jobs going - she did the legwork, as we refused.
She's been there 18 months now, waitressing. Her confidence has grown since she started, and now she's 18, gap year that she is funding herself and applying for uni to start 2019.
The reason for "non job" degrees as you put them is that they have to be generic for a wide range of possible career paths.
This is what I want to see. A young adult facing up to reality. Great to see it worked.