I suggest you use Google and run a search for "internet troll", but just in case you're not....
As @davesparks has stated Z is used to refer to impedance.
Zs is the earth fault loop impedance at a point on a given circuit. Ze is the external earth fault loop impedance (measure at the origin of the installation).
Zs = Ze + (R1 + R2)
Where R1 is the resistance of the line conductor from the consumer unit to a given point on a circuit and R2 is the resistance of the CPC from the consumer unit to that same point on the circuit.
We are obliged to ensure Zs is within specified limits to ensure the protective devices operate correctly within the required timescales. And yes, if you breach Zs and you have an RCD present you can use that as the fall back for fault protection as the maximum Zs permissible is much higher than that for MCBs and RCBOs.
And to clarify the difference... r1 (as opposed to R1) is the end to end continuity of a ring final circuit line conductor (like rn is end to end for the neutral, r2 is end to end for the CPC). Using those you can gain some insight as to whether your RFC is connected as expected as R1+R2 should be approximately (r1+r2)/4. Likewise R1+Rn should be approximately (r1+rn)/4.
As @davesparks has stated Z is used to refer to impedance.
Zs is the earth fault loop impedance at a point on a given circuit. Ze is the external earth fault loop impedance (measure at the origin of the installation).
Zs = Ze + (R1 + R2)
Where R1 is the resistance of the line conductor from the consumer unit to a given point on a circuit and R2 is the resistance of the CPC from the consumer unit to that same point on the circuit.
We are obliged to ensure Zs is within specified limits to ensure the protective devices operate correctly within the required timescales. And yes, if you breach Zs and you have an RCD present you can use that as the fall back for fault protection as the maximum Zs permissible is much higher than that for MCBs and RCBOs.
And to clarify the difference... r1 (as opposed to R1) is the end to end continuity of a ring final circuit line conductor (like rn is end to end for the neutral, r2 is end to end for the CPC). Using those you can gain some insight as to whether your RFC is connected as expected as R1+R2 should be approximately (r1+r2)/4. Likewise R1+Rn should be approximately (r1+rn)/4.