1.
230v final circuits in a TN system not rated greater than 32A must disconnect within 0.4 seconds under fault conditions. 411.3.2.2
230v final circuits in a TT system not rated greater than 32A must disconnect within 0.2 seconds under fault conditions. If disconnection is made by a fuse or mcb and all extraneous conductive parts are connected to the main equipotential bonding then disconnection times that are applicable to TN systems may be used. 411.3.2.2
Under fault conditions in a TN system, final circuits over 32A and distribution circuits must disconnect within 5 seconds. 411.3.2.3
Under fault conditions in a TT system, final circuits over 32A and distribution circuits must disconnect within 1 second. 411.3.2.4
2.
Metal back boxes only need to be earthed if there is no fixed lug in back box or you are using a steel conduit etc as a cpc.
3.
Basic Protection is protection against electric shock under normal operating conditions. p4, p20
Fault Protection is protection against electric shock with regard to a failure of basic insulation. p4, p24
4.
Zone 0 for a bathroom is the area inside the bath. 701.32.2Zone 0 for a shower room is the area inside the shower basin. If there is no shower basin, zone 0 is 10cm high from the finished floor level and extends to 1.2m around the fixed shower head. 701.32.2
Zone 1 for a bathroom is the same width as zone 0 (the width of the bath) extending to 2.25m above the finished floor level. 701.32.3Zone 1 for a shower room is 2.25m from the finished floor level or the height of the fixed shower head from the finished floor level if more than 2.25m, and the width of the shower basin. If the shower has no basin then zone 1 extends to 1.2m around the fixed shower head. 701.32.3If the space under the bath or shower basin is accessible without the use of a tool it is classed as zone 1, otherwise it is not considered to be a zone. 701.32.3
Zone 2 for a bathroom is the same height as zone 1 (2.25m) extended to 0.6m around the bath. 701.32.4Zone 2 for a shower room is the same height as zone 1 extended to 0.6m around the shower basin. If there is no shower basin zone 2 is replaced by zone 1 extended to 1.2m around the fixed shower head. 701.32.4
5.
An Exposed Conductive Part is a metal part of electrical equipment which can be touched and which may become live in the event of a fault. p24All exposed-conductive-parts of a TN installation must be connected to the main earthing terminal.
411.4.2Exposed conductive parts of less than 50mm2 are exempt from fault protection.
410.3.9An Extraneous Conductive Part is a metal part that is not part of, but in proximity to the electrical installation and is liable to introduce earth potential. p24
All extraneous conductive parts in an installation must be connected to the main earthing terminal by main protective bonding conductors. This applies to the metallic sheath of a telecommunications cable where permission from the owner of the cable must be obtained. 411.3.1.2