Re-take - Useful Information for 2394 :

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P/52 . Fault Protection . Some-facts . :icon_bs:

Chapter 411.1 (ii)States that Fault-protection is provided by protective-earthing, protective-equipotential-bondingand automatic-disconnection in case of a ( fault ) in accordance with Regulations , 411.3 to 411.6.

 

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Some-facts .

P/55 . Chapter- 411.4.7 , confirms that if an RCD isused to provide fault protection, it is not necessary to undertake the disconnection-calculations required forovercurrent-devices. The values specified in Table 41.3 may be used. An RCD will always trip within ( 0.4seconds ) :30:

 

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RCD will trip on . ( Ief ) 0.04s , under earth-fault-conditions .

 

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Drawing you attention To , P/230

Section – 710

MEDICAL-LOCATIONS :

710.1. Scope

This section applies toelectrical installations in medical locations to ensure the safety of patientsand medical staff. These requirements, in the main, refer to hospitals, privateclinics, medical and dental practices, healthcare centres and dedicated medicalrooms in the workplace.

NOTE 2 : Where applicable, thisStandard can also be used in Veterinary-clinics. ◄ :aureola:

 

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Lighting-circuits : - Inthe 16[SUP]th[/SUP]-Edition,lighting circuits would not use 30mA RCDs for additional protection becauseof the possibility of nuisance tripping, leading to the potentially dangerousscenario of people being left in the dark.

In the 17[SUP]th[/SUP]-Edition, therequirement of Regulation 522.6.7 - 522.6.102 . means that such additional RCD protectionapplies also to lighting-circuits.To eliminate the risk of both lighting circuits going off simultaneouslybecause of nuisance-tripping,

 

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Designing for the 17th Edition . 2008: 2011: Wording . ( Impact-protection )

Impact-protection :

the requirements of Regulation - 522.6. 101. and Regulation - 522.6. 102. regarding ( Impact-protectionof cables ) because these Regulations affect the design of the wholeinstallation

Regulation - 522.6.101. concerns the protection against impactof cables concealed in a wall or partition at a depth of less than 50mmfrom the surface of the wall orpartition, which is likely to be the case in domestic premises. Regulation - 522.6.101. Etc .

 

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Useful-junk , RCDs :yes:

Residual Current Devices,

It is not clear when and by whom the first RCDwas developed, but it certainly appeared on the market in the 1950s and was initially used by some utilitycompanies to fight “ energy-theft” due to the use of currents from , phase to earth instead of phase to neutral.

 

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With-anything, We have consequences . in our Own-Actions :icon_bs:
[h=2]BS-7671-2008: 2011: Conduct for Inspectors , [/h]Inspector(s) must uphold the highest-professional-standards in their work. ( That’s why we are Not-Cowboys )

Thetest , entitled ‘ Knowledge of Fundamental “ InitialVerification “

Preparation for inspection .
Understanding-inspection,
providesan explanation and exploration of the new-inspection-methodology; insights intohow inspection is planned and undertaken

This ,Guidance-Note is concerned-principallywith Part - 6 of BS-7671: , Inspection & Testing. ( Refers also to , Tests)
Inspection . ( It summarises the judgments’ inspectors will makeduring-inspection ) which is the first-line of defense . “ Visual-inspection “ .
Testing .
• Understanding- the equipment to be used , its rating & the characteristics of theinstallation it is proposed to use theequipment-upon .
• Checkingthat the instrument(s) to beused-conform to the , appropriate British-Standard-Safety-Specifications ,( These . being BS-EN-61557-? )

Who is this bookfor: 2392-10 , 2394 , 2395 .
GN-3 :isof interest to all those who are involved with specifying, planning or carryingout the Inspection & Tests onelectrical installations BS-7671. The market includes consulting-engineers,electricians, electrical-installers, inspectors & technicians and can also serve as a guide forsurveyors.
This ,Guidance-Note is concerned-principallywith Part - 6 of BS-7671: , Inspection & Testing .
GN-3 Inspection and Testing is an essential guide
BS-7671 (The IET Wiring Regulations) 17th EditionAmendment No 1, the national-standard to which all ( domestic & industrial ) wiring must conform.
H&S . P/12 . BS-7671-2008:likely to achieve-conformity with the relevant-partsof the , Electricity at work-Regulation(s) – 1989 . Etc
Ensure the Health& Safety of inspector(s) while on their premises , & (Customer(s)

Contents:
Initial verification . ( Purpose - off ) GN-3. P/15
Periodic-inspection & testing ... ( Existing-installations ) ( Purpose - off ) GN-3. P/61
Test-instruments , ( Verification- British-Standard-Safety-Specifications ) particular-attention should be paid tosafety-aspects associated with any Tests.
Forms. The Client : Certificates & Report(s) by ( Verification-Reporting )

In a Court-of-Law . EIC , will indicate the , responsibility for , Design , Construction , Inspection & Testing , (With the reminder off ) Whether in relationto , New-work , or further-work on an , Existing-installation.

Initial verification : ( Safety-Certificate) EIC . :deal:
Periodic-inspection: ( Report ) EICR . Mainly – Condition. In the Eye’s of BS-7671: Am I safe to Use . :deal:
Minimise-disruption . ( Periodic-inspection)

 

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Council will ask you for .. ( Heat or Ionisation , Optical ) Alarms . Accordance with BS-5839-6 .

( if No ) fire protection system installed in the ( Flat(s) Provide & install a .. Grade ( D ) LD3 electrically operated fire detection system with an interlinked smoke alarm & a heat alarm in the flats .
Grade D
The mains-supply to smoke & heat alarms should either be a single independent circuit from the dwelling’s consumer-unit or a separately electrically protected regularly used local lighting circuit.

Domestic fire alarm systems, the minimum grade is ( D ) and therefore all new-builds will require smoke and heat alarms with a battery back up whether it's alkaline or lithium.

LD3 - alarms fitted in escape routes only e.g. hallway & landing/s. Etc .
Fire alarm systems are usually installed in dwellings to protect Life ( L )
Objective of category ( L ) systems is the protection of life , ( D ) means dwelling .

Grade D LD3 : protection of Life / means Dwelling
LD3 : A system incorporating detectors in all circulation spaces that form part of the escape routes from the dwelling ..

 

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Grades of system

A system of one or more mains powered smoke alarms, each with an integral standby supply. ( The system may, in addition, incorporate one or more mains-powered heat alarms, each with an integral standby supply )

Categories of system
LD3 - a system incorporating detectors in all circulation spaces that form part of the escape routes from the dwelling.

Hallways, Landings

Open Plan - Lounges, Sitting Room

( Heat alarm in Kitchen ) ... Heat rarely cause false alarm

( Ionisation sited away from kitchens )

( Optical sited away from bathrooms )

Commissioning
The system should be inspected. Electrical tests made to the mains supply circuit should include earth continuity, polarity, and earth fault loop impedance. Insulation tests should be made of all installed cables as required by BS-7671:

 

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What standard should I fit to !
BS-5839-6 : covers all domestic property types in the UK.

BS-5839-6: 2013 is the main standard for domestic standard for domestic fire alarm systems. It tells you everything you need to know about design, installation, testing and maintenance.

• Building Regulations refer to this standard
• Local Authorities, Housing Associations and Private Landlords have a “ Duty of Care ” to their tenants to fit to this standard
A Building Control Officer will be looking for an alarm system to this standard (as a minimum) before signing off on the property
• Building Regulation’s say to follow BS-5839-6 so if in doubt, ( follow this standard and you should be covered )

There are different Building Regulation’s for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

 

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Categories of fire alarms system & mixed system in dwellings .
Category ( PD ) a fire detection & fire alarm system intended for the protection of .. ( Property )
this category is further sub-divided into :

Category ( PD1 ) a system installed throughout the dwelling, incorporating detectors in all rooms & areas in which fire might start , other than toilets , bathrooms & shower .

Category ( PD2 ) a system incorporating detectors only in defined rooms or areas of the dwelling in which the risk of fire to property is judged to warrant their provision .
refer : clause 9 of BS-5839-6
Category ( P ) automatic fire detection and fire alarm systems principally intended for the protection of property. These are sub-divided into the following categories: P1 , P2 .

BS 5839: Pt.6 is primarily concerned with saving lives and reducing injuries. However, it does contain within it recommendations for helping to reduce property damage too. Good fire safety practice and adherence to the Code can give the best possible early warning of fire and so reduce the financial impact as well as human suffering.

Although principally concerned with systems for the protection of life ( Category LD, covering ‘ Life ’ & ‘ Dwellings ’ ), it also offers guidance on property protection ( Category PD )

 

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Fire Alarms in Dwelling 2013

The installation of automatic smoke detectors is, effectively, required in new dwellings to satisfy Building Regulations. .. Grade D LD3

What are various grade systems

The BS-5839: Pt.6 standard places different alarm types into grades simply described as follows:

• Grade A - a system of detectors and sounders with control and indicating equipment (a panel & perhaps call points).
• Grade B - a similar system to Grade A with some minor amendments.
• Grade C - detectors and sounders, or smoke alarms, with some control features.
• Grade D - mains smoke & heat alarms with a battery back-up supply.
• Grade E - mains only smoke & heat alarms.
• Grade F - battery only smoke & heat alarms.

 

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You may come across it as .. “ reasonably-practicable “

The two terms mean essentially the same thing and at their core is the concept of “ reasonably practicable “

“ reasonably practicable “ this involves weighing a risk against the trouble, time and money needed to control it.
Thus, ALARP describes the level to which we expect to see workplace risks controlled.

2013 / SFAIRP is short for ( “ So far as is reasonably-practicable ” )
2013 / ALARP ( “ As low as reasonably-practicable ” )

is the term most often used in the Health and Safety at Work etc Act and in Regulations.

Self-employed persons have a general duty in the Health and Safety at Work Act to conduct their undertakings in a way that ensures, so far as is reasonably-practicable, that they, and any others affected by what they do, are not exposed to health and safety risks.

Reasonably-practicable
If the regulation is to be met ‘ so far as is reasonably-practicable ’ , then risks, cost, time, trouble and difficulty can be considered.

Initial-Verification

Within this set of Standards Regulation 610.1. States :

Every installation shall , during erection and on completion before being put into service be inspected & tested to verify , so far as reasonably-practicable , that the requirements of the regulations have been met ,

This regulation of course applies not only to new-installations , it also applies to additions & alterations to existing installations .

The inspection & testing of new-work is known as , Initial Verification .
As the regulation suggests , this Initial verification commences at the same time as the installation work continues and carries on through the duration of the work .

P/36 . Verification
All measures by means of which compliance of the electrical installation with the relevant requirements of , BS-7671: are checked , comprising inspection , testing and certification .

( EAWR 1989 ) is not only for new-installations . Periodic inspection . ( relevant to existing-installation )

BS-7671: Regulation 621.1. States that :
“ Where required , periodic inspection & testing of every installation shall be carried out in accordance with Regulation’s 621.2 / 5 . in order to determine , so far as is reasonably-practicable , whether the installation is in a satisfactory condition for continued service “

Key / facts : HSWA 1974 & EAWR 1989 both have the word ( Work ) in them and of course that reflects that they are intended for use in the ( work-place )

BS-7671 Regulation 114

Safety first - ( Isolation )
We must ensure the disconnection and separation of electrical-equipment from every source of supply and that this disconnection and separation is secure.

 

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Duty holder

Duty holder, this phrase recognizes the level of responsibility which electricians are expected to take on as a part of their job in order to control electrical safety in the work environment. Everyone has a duty of care, but not everyone is a duty holder.