Re-take - Useful Information for 2394 :

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Wiring Matters 54 - Special Edition , 2015
Reduction in maximum values of earth fault loop impedance in BS-7671:

Editor's note: references to the 'current' version of BS 7671 relate to BS 7671:2008(2011), i.e. the 'green cover' Regulations. This version is current until 30 June 2015. On 1 July 2015, BS 7671:2008+A3:2015 comes into effect.

One of the changes being introduced by BS 7671:2008+A3:2015 (IET Wiring Regulations Seventeenth Edition), which was published in January and comes into effect on 1 July, is a reduction of maximum values of earth fault loop impedance (Zs) in Tables 41.2, 41.3, 41.4 and 41.6.

Reason for the reduction
The reason for the reduction in the maximum Zs values is the introduction of the ‘minimum voltage factor’ given in Technical Report PD CLC/TR 50480:2011 Determination of cross sectional area of conductors and selection of protective devices.

Minimum voltage factor
The minimum voltage factor (Cmin) takes account of the fact that the voltage of the electricity supply to an electrical installation varies depending on time and place, changing of transformer taps and other considerations.

For example, for a low voltage supply given in accordance with The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 as amended (ESQCR), variations of up to 10% above or 6% below the declared voltage at the declared frequency are permitted, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the distributor, the supplier and the consumer (regulation 27(3) of the ESQCR refers).

The minimum voltage factor (Cmin) always has a value less than 1. Cmin is applied as multiplier to the nominal line voltage to Earth (U0) when determining maximum values of earth fault loop impedance (Zs).

Amendment No. 3 to BS 7671:2008 gives Cmin the value of 0.95 where the low voltage supply given in accordance with the ESQCR.

One might wonder why 0.95 was chosen rather than 0.94, given that the ESQCR permits the supply voltage to be as much as 6% below the declared value, as already mentioned. However, 0.94 was thought to be unrealistically low, and Technical Report PD CLC/TR 50480:2011 gives Cmin the value of 0.95 for the worst-case condition in a low voltage installation.

Tables of maximum earth fault loop impedance
As a result of the Cmin value of 0.95 mentioned above, all maximum values of Zs in Tables 41.2, 41.3, 41.4 and 41.6 of BS 7671 have been correspondingly reduced by Amendment No. 3 to 0.95 times (or 5% lower than) those in the current version of BS 7671.

For example, for a 32 A type B circuit-breaker to BS EN 60898 or the overcurrent characteristics of a 32 A type B RCBO to BS EN 61009-1, Table 41.3 in Amendment No. 3 gives the maximum Zs value of 1.37 ohms at a nominal voltage (U0) of 230 V. This compares with 1.44 ohms in the same table of the previous version of BS 7671.


Protective devices and voltages that are not covered in the tables of maximum earth fault loop impedance
Where it is necessary to find the maximum value of Zs for a protective device not covered in Tables 41.2, 41.3, 41.4 and 41.6 or for a nominal voltage (U0) other than 230 V, the formula given in Appendix 3 of BS 7671 (as revised by Amendment No. 3) can be used. Examples of protective devices not covered by the tables are fuses of higher current ratings and moulded-case circuit-breakers (MCCBs).

The revised version of the Appendix 3 formula, as given in Amendment No. 3, is reproduced below:
Zs = (U0 × Cmin) / Ia

where:

U0 is the nominal a.c. rms line voltage to Earth.
Cmin is the minimum voltage factor to take account of voltage variations depending on time and place, changing of transformer taps and other considerations.

NOTE 1: For a low voltage supply given in accordance with ESQCR, Cmin is given the value 0.95.
Ia is the current causing operation of the protective device within the specified time.


Measured values of Zs
When Zs values are measured at ambient temperature, account needs to be taken of the increase in resistance of the conductors with increasing temperature due to load current, as explained in Appendix 14 of BS 7671, before the measured values can be checked for compliance against the maximum values of Zs referred to in BS 7671.

Appendix 14 has been revised by Amendment No. 3 to BS 7671:2011.

 

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Current version .

411.3.3 Additional protection
In a.c. systems, additional protection by means of an RCD in accordance with Regulation 415.1 shall be provided for:
(i) socket-outlets with a rated current not exceeding 20A that are for use by ordinary persons and are intended for general use, and
(ii) mobile equipment with a current rating not exceeding 32A for use outdoors.
An exception to (i) is permitted for:
(a) socket-outlets for use under the supervision of skilled or instructed persons, or
(b) a specific labelled or otherwise suitably identified socket-outlet provided for connection of a particular item of equipment.

NOTE 1: See also Regulations 314.1(iv) and 531.2.4 concerning the avoidance of unwanted tripping.
NOTE 2: The requirements of Regulation 411.3.3 do not apply to FELV systems according to Regulation 411.7 or reduced low voltage systems according to Regulation 411.8.


Removal of the exception for socket-outlets for use under the supervision of skilled or instructed persons

Unlike the current version of Regulation 411.3.3, the new version does not permit the omission of RCD protection to a socket-outlet just because the socket-outlet is for use under the supervision of skilled or instructed persons.

The exception for socket-outlets for use under the supervision of skilled or instructed persons was removed because:

a. it was no longer seen as having any relevance, given the development in the application of RCDs to the general requirements of BS 7671 over recent years; and

b. there had been reports of the exception being abused, such as RCD protection to socket-outlets at a school being omitted on the basis that they were to be used under the supervision of a person instructed by the head teacher. :30:

New version ( A3 - 2015 )

411.3.3 Additional protection
In a.c. systems, additional protection by means of an RCD in accordance with Regulation 415.1 shall be provided for:
(i) socket-outlets with a rated current not exceeding 20A, and
(ii) mobile equipment with a current rating not exceeding 32A for use outdoors.

An exception to (i) is permitted:
(a) where, other than for an installation in a dwelling, a documented risk assessment determines that the RCD protection is not necessary, or
(b) for a specific labelled or otherwise suitably identified socket-outlet provided for connection of a particular item of equipment.

NOTE 1: See also Regulations 314.1(iv) and 531.2.4 concerning the avoidance of unwanted tripping.
NOTE 2: The requirements of Regulation 411.3.3 do not apply to FELV systems according to Regulation 411.7 or reduced low voltage systems according to Regulation 411.8.

NOTE 3: See Appendix 2, item 10 in respect of risk assessment.

 

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Documented risk assessment

Omitting RCD protection for any socket-outlet on the basis of a risk assessment is a serious matter and must never be done lightly. Such omission is not permitted for an installation in a dwelling; it is permitted only for an installation in some other type of location (see indent (a) of the new version of Regulation 411.3.3).

The risk assessment would have to be carried out in accordance with The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (SI 1999 No 3242) (MHSW), which applies in England and Wales, or the corresponding Statutory Regulations in other parts of the United Kingdom. The MHSW is referred to in NOTE 3 of the new version of Regulation 411.3.3 by means of its reference to item 10 of Appendix 2 of BS 7671.

MHSW puts the responsibility for carrying out risk assessments onto (as applicable) every employer and every self-employed person. The risk assessment relates to the health and safety of employees and self-employed persons while at work, and the health and safety of other persons arising out of, or in connection with, the conduct by the employer/self-employed person or his undertaking (MHSW regulation 3 refers).

In order for the omission of RCD protection to any socket-outlet on the basis of risk assessment to be permitted by Regulation 411.3.3, the risk assessment must determine that the RCD protection is not necessary. The risk assessment must be documented and a copy of it must be attached to the Electrical Installation Certificate or (where applicable) Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate covering the installation of the socket-outlet.

The person who prepared the risk must be prepared to justify his or her conclusion that RCD protection was not necessary, possibly in a court of law, especially if someone was killed or injured as a result of the RCD protection being omitted.

The electrical installation designer must equally be prepared to justify his or her own decision to accept the finding of the risk assessment and omit the RCD protection to the socket-outlet(s) from his or her design.


Specifically labelled or otherwise suitably identified socket-outlet

The exception in indent (b), relating to the omission of RCD protection for specific socket-outlets, is included in both the current and new versions of the regulation.

It is stressed that the exception may only be applied for a socket-outlet that has been provided for the connection of a particular item of equipment. The socket-outlet must be labelled or otherwise suitably identified so that users will be clearly informed that the socket-outlet is intended only for plugging in that particular item of equipment and for no other purpose. Unless the electrical installation designer is convinced that the socket-outlet cannot reasonably be expected to be used for other purposes, RCD protection for that socket-outlet should not be omitted.

In the vast majority of cases, it should not be necessary to omit RCD protection for a socket-outlet. For compliance with Regulation 531.2.4, a socket-outlet should be connected to an RCD that serves a sufficiently small number of other socket-outlets or items of equipment, so that any protective conductor current that may be expected in normal service will be unlikely to cause unwanted tripping of the RCD.

 

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What constitutes an escape route ?

An escape route is a route designated for escape to a place of safety in the event of an emergency.

Escape routes may include not only defined routes such as corridors, stairways and hallways, but also open areas through which escaping persons might reasonably be expected to need to pass on their way to a place of safety.

For premises covered by The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO), which applies in England and Wales, the designation of the escape routes is part of the risk assessment that the FSO requires the ‘responsible person’ to carry out and keep up to date. Similar legal requirements apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

 

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Fire resisting supports in escape routes

BS 7671:2011+A3:2015 (IET Wiring Regulations Seventeenth Edition), which was published in January 2015 and comes into effect on 1 July, will include a requirement that wiring systems in escape routes shall have fire-resisting supports. The requirement is included in a new regulation (Regulation 521.11.201), which is reproduced below.

521.11.201 Wiring systems in escape routes shall be supported such that they will not be liable to premature collapse in the event of fire. The requirements of Regulation 422.2.1 shall also apply, irrespective of the classification of the conditions for evacuation in an emergency.

NOTE 1: Non-metallic cable trunking or other non-metallic means of support can fail when subject to either direct flame or hot products of combustion. This may lead to wiring systems hanging across access or egress routes such that they hinder evacuation and fire fighting activities.

NOTE 2: This precludes the use of non-metallic cable clips, cable ties or trunking as the sole means of support. For example, where non-metallic trunking is used, a suitable fire-resistant means of support/retention must be provided to prevent cables falling out in the event of fire.

The term ‘ wiring system ’, which is used in the regulation, is defined in BS 7671 as ‘an assembly made up of cable or busbars and parts which secure and, if necessary, enclose the cable or busbars.’ Thus the term covers cables (and busbars) together with any containment system for them, such as conduit, trunking and cable tray.

Reason for the new regulation

The purpose of Regulation 512.11.201 is to improve the safety of firefighters and others in escape routes under fire conditions. Wiring systems that drop and hang across escape routes due to failure of a means of support in fire conditions have the potential to entangle persons. In recent years, a number of firefighters have died as a result of being entangled in this way.

 

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Application of Regulation 422.2.1

A further requirement of Regulation 521.11.201 is that the requirements of Regulation 422.2.1 shall also apply, irrespective of the classification of the conditions for evacuation in an emergency. Regulation 422.2.1 contains various provisions for safety in the event of a wiring system being affected by fire.

 

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Intent of the new regulation :icon_bs:

The intent of Regulation 421.1.201 is considered to be, as far as is reasonably practicable, to contain any fire within the enclosure or cabinet and to minimise the escape of flames.

 

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Similar switchgear assemblies

The phrase ‘similar switchgear assemblies’ in Regulation 421.1.201 means those assemblies used for the same fundamental application as a consumer unit. A consumer unit is defined in Part 2 of BS 7671:

‘Consumer unit (may also be known as a consumer control unit or electricity control unit). A particular type of distribution board comprising a type-tested co-ordinated assembly for the control and distribution of electrical energy, principally in domestic premises, incorporating manual means of double-pole isolation on the incoming circuit(s) and an assembly of one or more fuses, circuit-breakers, residual current operated devices or signalling and other devices proven during the type-test of the assembly as suitable for such use.’

An example of a similar switchgear assembly is a three phase distribution board that is intended to be operated by ordinary persons. This would have to have isolation that interrupts the three incoming line conductors and the neutral, rather than just double-pole isolation as mentioned in the above definition.

 

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O.S.G. Electrical supplies to furniture ( A1-2008:2011) & (A3- 2015) No changes

Where electrical equipment is installed within purpose-built items of furniture, such as:
cupboards
shop displays
lecterns, and supplied from a plug and socket arrangement, no specific standard exist for such installations’ .

Therefore guidance is given here which, essentially, follows the principles of BS-7671. For electrical systems in office furniture and educational furniture, BS-6396:2008 currently exists for installations which are supplied via a 13A BS-1363 plug.

The following points should be adhered to :

415.1.1.
• socket-outlets supplying items of furniture must be protected by an RCD providing additional protection at 30mA

• cables of Band I and Band II circuits to be kept apart as far as is reasonably practicable. see also 7.4.1.

• cables of Band I and Band II circuits, which are often hidden beneath the desk, should be sufficiently mechanically protected from damage caused by movement of chairs, storage of materials and the movement of feet and legs

• cable management systems or containment, such as conduit or trunking, should be installed to allow the safe routing, protection and separation of cables through the equipment

• long-term use of multi-gang extension leads should be avoided by installing a sufficient number of socket-outlets to supply the equipment to be used:
► Employers should not allow ad hoc solutions to be created by uses . See also BS-6396:2008.

• ensure that cables are sufficiently protected and cannot become trapped or damaged where desks are designed to be extended or altered to suit different activities or users .

543.2.1. 543.2.6.
There is no general requirement to ensure electrical continuity across the metallic frame of an item of furniture unless the frame has been designed to be used as a protective conductor .

Note: New to O.S.G. (A3-2015) ▼

Where luminaires are installed in display stands, one of two methods of protection against electric shock must be used :
(a) SELV or PELV .. 559.8.414.
(b) protection by a 30mA RCD .. 415.1.

 

[Richard Burns]

For Amberleaf:
Changes to model forms of certification and reporting in BS-7671:

As part of BS 7671:2008+A3:2015 (IET Wiring Regulations Seventeenth Edition), which was published on 1 January 2015 and comes into effect on 1 July 2015, some changes have been made to the model forms of certification and reporting in Appendix 6 of BS 7671. This article summarises the main changes.

Electrical Installation Certificate (A3 - 2015)

A new section has been added on the first page of the Electrical Installation Certificate for details to be recorded of any permitted exceptions to Regulation 411.3.3 (see Figure 1). This relates to where additional protection for one or more socket-outlets rated at 20A or less by an RCD has been omitted on the basis that a documented risk assessment has determined that such protection is not necessary. This exception may be used only for an installation other than in a dwelling. Where the exception is used, a copy of the risk assessment must be attached to the certificate as required by Regulation 411.3.3.

Figure 1 - New section regarding permitted exceptions


The section where details of the main protective bonding conductors of the installation are to be recorded has been expanded (see Figure 2). This now includes separate tick boxes for main bonding conductor connections to water installation pipes, gas installation pipes, oil installation pipes, structural steel, lightning protection and any other parts (as referred to in Regulation 411.3.1.2) to which such connections have been made.

Figure 2 - Changes to section for details of main bonding connections


In the notes of guidance for recipients, a change has been made to the note that points out that, for safety reasons, the installation will need to be inspected at appropriate intervals. Instead of referring to ‘a competent person’, the note now refers to ‘a skilled person competent in inspection and testing of electrical installations’. The change has been made in order to describe more clearly the qualities that should be possessed by the person chosen to carry out such periodic inspections.

A new note of guidance has also been added to tell the recipient that the certificate is valid only if accompanied by the Schedule of Inspections and the Schedule(s) of Test Results. (( P/416))

 

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Section 701. refer basic’s :icon_bs:

701.1. Scope .

This particular requirements of this section apply to the electrical installations in locations containing a fixed bath (bath tub, birthing pool ) or shower and to the surrounding zones as described in these regulations .

Summary of requirements
701 . Due to the presence of water, locations containing a bath or shower are onerous for equipment and there is an increased danger of electric shock .

• The additional requirements can be summarised as follows:

701.411.3.3. all low-voltage circuits serving location must be protected by 30mA RCDs .
701.411.3.3. all low-voltage circuits passing through zones 1 & 2 but not serving the location .

701.411.3.3. Additional protection by RCDs
Additional protection by the use of one or more RCDs having the characteristics specified in Regulation 415.1.1. shall be provided for low voltage circuits :

(i) serving the location .
(ii) passing through zone 1 and / or 2 not serving the location .

Note: See regulation 314.1. (iv) and 531.2.4. concerning the avoidance of unwanted tripping .

• Socket-outlets, e.g. BS-1363, are not allowed within 3 metres of zone 1 ( the edge of the bath or shower basin )
701.512.3.
Except for SELV socket-outlets complying with Section 414 and shaver supply units complying with BS-EN-61558-2-5.
socket-outlets are prohibited within a distance of 3m horizontally from the boundary of zone 1

• protection against ingress of water is specified for equipment within the zones . 0 , 1 , 2 .
701.512.2. External influences .
(i) In zone 0 : IPX7
(ii) In zone 1 and 2 : IPX4

This requirement does not apply to shaver supply units complying with BS-EN-61558-2-5. installed in zone 2 and located where direct spray from showers is unlikely .

Electrical equipment exposed to water jets. e.g. for cleaning purposes, shall have a degree of protection of at least IPX5 .

• there are restrictions as to where appliances, switchgear and wiring accessories may be installed.
701.512.3.
Erection of switchgear, controlgear and accessories according to external influences

The following requirements do not apply to switches and controls which are incorporated in fixed current-using equipment suitable for use in the zone or to insulating pull cords of cord operated switches .

701.512.3.
zone 0 .. switchgear or accessories shall not be installed . ( 0 is the plug hole )
zone 1
zone 2

701.55. Current-using equipment .
In zone 1 , only the following fixed and permanently connected current-using equipment shall be installed, provided it is suitable for installation in zone 1 according to the manufactures instructions :

- Whirlpool units
- Electric showers
- Shower pumps
- Equipment protected by SELV or PELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding 25V a.c. rms or 60V ripple-free d.c. the safety source being installed out zone 0 , 1 and 2 .
- Ventilation equipment
- Towel rails
- Water heating appliance(s)
- Luminaire(s)

 

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Certification and Reporting . :icon_bs:

(( Wording )) competent person in respect off

(A3 - 2015)
Notes : on completion of the Minor Electrical Installation Work Certificate . ( MEIWC)

Part 4 - Declaration . :deal:

Regulation 631.4.
This Certificate must be made out and signed by a competent person in respect of the design, construction, inspection and testing of the work .

Regulation 631.4
Minor Electrical Installation Work Certificate shall be compiled and signed or otherwise authenticated by skilled persons (( competent to verify that the requirements of the standard have been met )

And
Electrical Installation Certificates
Electrical Installation Condition Reports

 

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What it Means ? :icon_bs:

Amendment 3 also puts more responsibility on the Electrician.

701.411.3.3.
Bathrooms - There is already a requirement for all low-voltage circuits in a bathroom to be 30mA RCD protected.
There is now a (( (ii) - New provision requiring low voltage circuits passing through Zones 1 and 2 of a bathroom to be 30mA RCD protected ))

 

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BS-7671:2008:2011(2015) :icon_bs:

Note : In order not to mix regulations on different subjects, such as those for electrical installation of caravan parks with those for electrical installation inside caravans, two section have been created :

► Section 708, which concerns electrical installation in caravan parks, camping parks and similar locations .
► Section 721, which concerns electrical installation in caravans and motor caravans . (( caravan internal wiring section ))

P/273 . Table 721 - Minimum cross sectional area of flexible cables for caravan connection .

Q) The minimum cross sectional area for a cable carrying up to 25A in a caravan shall be :
2.5mm[SUP]2[/SUP]
4.0mm[SUP]2[/SUP]
6.0mm[SUP]2[/SUP]
16mm[SUP]2 [/SUP]

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance . :icon_bs:

Ingress protection [ IP ] external influences :book:

Regulation 512.2. requires that equipment is suitable for the external influence to which is will be subjected when installed.
A large “ Matrix ” type table of external influences with letter designations is included in Appendix 5 of BS-7671:2015, running to 13 pages

The influence of objects and water are the main criteria that needs to be considered .

BS-EN-60529:1992+A2:2013 Specification for degree of protection provided by enclosures ( IP code )
Standard by British-adopted European Standard . EN-60529:1992+A2:2013

The European Standard BS-EN-60529. Degree of protection provided by enclosures ( IP code ) is a “ Standards for Standards” document and provides information about the degree of protection that can be expected of equipment, when allocated with a particular IP code .

The arrangement of the [ IP ] code is made up of four characters, some of which are optional. The arrangement of the code is as follows .

IP - International protection . ( IP ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( H ) ( C ) etc

( 6 ) 1[SUP]st[/SUP] Number protection against solid objects 0 to 6 or X .
( 7 ) 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] Number protection against water 0 to 8 or X .
( H ) 3[SUP]rd[/SUP] Letter-optional access to live parts A, B, C, and D .
( C ) 4[SUP]th[/SUP] Letter-optional supplementary information H, M, S, W .

The protection levels can be understood and these are often only specified using the first two characters , as follows:

1[SUP]st[/SUP] Numeral Solid Objects . ( IP67 ) 6 Dust tight . 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] Numeral water 7 Temporary immersion . ( 6/7 ) IP67 .

0 No protection
1 Drips vertical
2 Drip 15 degrees
3 Spraying
4 Splashing
5 Jets
6 Powerful jets
7 Temporary immersion
8 Continuous immersion

Optional Characters - 3[SUP]rd[/SUP] Character
A back of hand
B finger
C tool
D wire

( Sample IP67 AH ) IP67 AH . Back of hand & High voltage apparatus .

4[SUP]th[/SUP] Character
H High voltage apparatus
M Motion during water test
S Stationary during water test
W Weather conditions

Equipment applications and examples .
Sometimes, particularly in specifications, one of the first or second characters is not specified and an X is used . e.g. IP2X .

Perhaps a little more confusing is where the two designations are used for water . Generally the higher the numerals of the ( IP code ) the higher the protection level. This is not true where jets of water are concerned. Equipment to IPX8, for example, is totally immersible in water, but may not necessary be suitable for jets ( IPX5 ) or high-pressure jets ( IPX6 ) Equipment that is suitable for both environments will thus require a dual marking of ( IPX6 / IPX8 ) meaning protection against powerful jets and immersion .

Water jets and immersion ( Enclosure passes tests for )
Water jets 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic numeral (5) Temporary or continuous immersion 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic (7) [ designation and marking IPX5/IPX7 ]
Water jets 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic numeral (6) Temporary or continuous immersion 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic (7) [ designation and marking IPX6/IPX7 ]
Water jets 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic numeral (5) Temporary or continuous immersion 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic (8) [ designation and marking IPX5/IPX8 ]
Water jets 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic numeral (6) Temporary or continuous immersion 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic (8) [ designation and marking IPX6/IPX8 ]
Water jets 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic numeral (-) Temporary or continuous immersion 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic (7) [ designation and marking IPX7 ]
Water jets 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic numeral (-) Temporary or continuous immersion 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] characteristic (8) [ designation and marking IPX8 ]

 

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IP Ratings: (Ingress Protection or International Protection)

 

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BS-EN-62262::2002.
2015: P/311. 708.512.2. (iii) 709.512.2.1.4. (iii)

Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts ( IK code )

P/231. 708.512.2. External influences :icon_bs:
(iii) Mechanical stress: AG3 (high severity ) , IK08 in accordance with BS-EN-62262.

P/235. 709.512.2.1.4. Impact (AG) :icon_bs:
Equipment installed on or above a jetty, wharf, pier or pontoon shall be protected against mechanical damage ( impact of medium severity AG2) Protection shall be afforded by one or more of the following:
(iii) Installing equipment complying with a minimum degree of protection for external mechanical impact IK08 .. ( see BS-EN-62262)

(( Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance ))

EN-62262 and BS-EN-62262 .

(Impact Protection)

IK ratings are defined as IKXX, where "XX" is a number from 00 to 10 indicating the degrees of protection provided by enclosures (including luminaires) against external mechanical impacts. The different IK ratings relate to the ability of an enclosure to resist impact energy levels measured in joules (J). IEC 62262 specifies how the enclosure must be mounted for testing, the atmospheric conditions required, the quantity and distribution of the test impacts and the impact hammer to be used for each level of IK rating.

Degrees’ of protection against external mechanical impact’s
IK00 non protected
IK01 0.14 J
IK02 0.2 J
IK03 0.35 J
IK04 0.5 J
IK05 0.7 J
IK06 1 J
IK07 2 J
IK08 5 J your answer
IK09 10 J
IK10 20 J

 

[Richard Burns]

For Amberleaf

Re: Regulation . 521.10.1.
The Note to Regulation 521.10.1 requires that, if a system includes site-fabricated joints, the installer must confirm the completed item meets at least the degree of protection IPXXD.
Just for a reference example:
The Answer to the regulation


BS7671: 2008 – Amendment No. 1: 2011 came into force for all new designs on January 1st, 2012 and Section 521.10.1 stipulates the need for trunking to deliver IPXXD or IP4X protection when used with single insulated (non-sheathed) cables – something that standard IP30 rated systems do not deliver.


IP4X distribution trunking is currently the only system that meets the IP4X requirements of the amendment to the 17th Edition Wiring Regulations. This has been achieved through the introduction of a cover strap, which is simply connected to each coupler over the joint between the two lids, and a new range of IP4X fittings that integrate fully with existing lengths and accessories to deliver a fully compliant solution.

As with the standard trunking, IP4X trunking has been designed with speed of installation in mind.
For IP4X protection, simply clip a ‘cover strap‘ to each coupler over the joint between two lids

IP4X fittings should be specified to achieve the correct level of conformity

 

[Richard Burns]

For Amberleaf

Basic Theory

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

Learning curve only .

P/400 . Appendix 5 ( informative ) :icon_bs:
Classification of External Influences’ .

If several external influences appear at the same time ! they can have independent or mutual effects and the degree of protection must be chosen accordingly .

Condition of external influence is designated by a code comprising a group of ( Two-capital letters ) and ( Numbers ) as flows :

First letter ( A, B, or C )
first letter relates to the general category of external influence :
A = Environment
B = Utilisation
C = Construction of buildings

Second letter

Second letter relates to the nature of the external influence.


Number
The number relates to the class within each external influence.


Additional letter (optional)
Used only if the effective protection of persons is greater than that indicated by the first IP digit.
When only the protection of persons is to be specified, the two digits of the IP code are replaced by the X’s.


Example: IPXXB.


Example P/405 . (A ) Environment , cont.


For example the code AC2 signifies:
P/400 . A = Environment
P/405 . AC = Environment-altitude
P/405 . AC2 = Environment-altitude > 2.000 m

P/401 . Appendix 5 ( informative )

List of External Influence(s) which should be referred to if further details are required .
Code: External influences : Characteristics’ required for equipment :

A - Environment .
P/402 . AA Ambient temperature (°C)
Low High Specially designed equipment or appropriate arrangements
AA1 - 60°C + 5°C
AA2 - 40°C + 5°C
AA3 - 25°C + 5°C
AA4 - 5°C + 40°C Normal ( special precautions in certain cases)
AA5 - 5°C + 40°C Normal .
AA6 + 5°C + 60°C Specially designed equipment or appropriate arrangements
AA7 - 25°C + 55°C
AA8 - 50°C + 40°C

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

Appendix 5

Classification of external influences P/400


defined as .
P/28 . External influence . Any influence external to an electrical installation which affects the design and safe operation of that installation.

These external influences are shown by the use of a code which has two capital letters and a number

The first letter shows the category of external influence.

The second letter shows what the external influence relates to and the number indicates the level of the external influence.
The first letter indicates which category the external influence falls under .

A . = Environment - ( wet . dry . vibration )
B . = Utilisation :
• How is the building being used .
• What is the capability of the persons using the building .
• Are they ordinary persons or persons are they handicapped .
C . = Construction of buildings . What is the building constructed from : Non-combustible . Combustible .

The second letter indicates what the external influence could be .
refer to appendix 5 and look in environment section ( category A )

example : if the second letter was K it would refer to; presence of flora ( and/or mould growth )
The last digit is a number and indicates the level of protection which the external influence is likely to be .

External influence given a code of ( AD1)
- Letter (A) relates to the environment .
- Letter (D) relates to water ... AD presence of water .
- Final digit (1) tells you that the problem likely to be caused by water is negligible . ( AD1)

Example: external influence given a code of (AD1)
you can see the letter (A) relates to the environment .

you can see the letter (D) relates to water .

first digit (1) tell you that the problem likely to be caused by water is negligible . (AD1)

you need to look further into Appendix 5 . When you find (AD1) you can see that it relates to areas where weather protection is not required and that the (IP rating ) for the equipment is ( IPX0) As the external influence relates to water nothing is specified for dust (X) and the level of protection against water is (0) which means no protection required .

At the other end of the scale , you can see that (AD8) is where the equipment is likely to be totally submersed, ( such as in a swimming pool )

The ( IP rating ) given as protection is (IPX8) shows that nothing is specified for dust and 8 shows that it must be protection against the effects of continuous immersion in water .

THE INDEX OF PROTECTION CODES IS USED THROUGHOUT BS-7671:2008:2011:2015: to identify the minimum level of protection permissible .

P/405 : A Environment (cont.)
Code External influences : Characteristics required for selection and erection of equipment : Reference for information only .

AD Presence of water
AD1 Negligible
IPX0 Outdoor and non-weather protected locations, with low and high temperatures .

AD2 Free-falling drops
1PX1 or IPX2 Location in which water vapour occasionally condenses as drops or where stream may occasionally be present .

AD3 Sprays
IPX3 Location in which sprayed water forms a continuous film on floor and/or walls .

AD4 Splashes
IPX4 Locations where equipment may be subjected to splashed water; this applies, for example, to certain external luminaires, construction site equipment

AD5 Jets
IPX5 Locations where hose water is used regularly ( yards, car-washing bays )

AD6 Waves
IPX6 Seashore locations such as piers, beaches, quays, etc.

AD7 Immersion
IPX7 Locations which may be flooded and/or where water may be at maximum 150mm above the highest point of equipment, the lowest part of equipment being not more than 1m below the water surface .

AD8 Submersion
IPX8 Locations such as swimming pools where electrical equipment is permanently and totally covered with water under a pressure greater than 0.1 bar .

External influences :


Regulation 301.1. and more particularly Chapter 32 and Appendix 5 of BS-7671: deal with external influences which needs to be assessed by the designer and taken into account in the subsequent installation design and construction .

(ii) The external influences to which it is to be Exposed ( Chapter 32 )

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

Protection by barriers or enclosures

416.2.
The term enclosure is readily understood as being a construction which prevents live parts being touched. Barriers are, because of the common English usage, sometimes confused with Obstacles .

A barrier in the sense of the regulations is similar to an enclosure in that it is a part providing a defined degree of protection against contact with live parts, with the difference that the protection is only provided in the usual direction of access.

An enclosure provides protection in any direction .
A barrier may not have protection against contact from above.

The basic-requirement for IP2X is that the live part should be inaccessible to a finger .
The basic-requirement of IP4X is that it should be inaccessible to a wire .

As the regulations state. The higher degree of protection is required on Top of an Enclosure to prevent small items falling through .

In general, barrier(s) or enclosure(s) should only be able to be removed or opened by the use of a Key or Tool .

IP ? X
First characteristic :
Numeral

Against ingress of solid foreign objects 2 > 12.5mm diameter
Against access to hazardous parts with non-protected finger

Against ingress of solid foreign objects 4 > 1.0mm diameter
Against access to hazardous parts with non-protected wire

 

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Avoiding damage to Cables due to condensation or ingress of water .

like any other part of the wiring system, cables are subject to Regulation 522.3.1. which requires that : :icon_bs:
“ A wiring system shall be selected and erected so that no damage is caused by condensation or the ingress of water during installation ” use or maintenance

Regulation 522.3.1 ... The completed wiring system shall comply with the IP degree of protection relevant to the particular location.

Note: Special considerations apply to wiring system liable to frequent splashing, immersion or submersion .

 

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RCD Protected Switch socket Outlet

( What’s in a name ! a big difference ) ... Active or Passive RCDs :30:

Active control circuits Incorporate a ‘Re-set’ mechanism and are mains failure sensitive, i.e. they will function under all the normal conditions expected of an RCD, but will also trip in the event of a power cut or a sudden, dramatic reduction in mains voltage.

Passive control circuits Incorporate a ‘Stay-set’ mechanism and is mains failure proof, i.e. it will function under all the normal conditions expected of an RCD and will not trip in the event of a power cut.

 

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A list of (( External influences )) and their characteristics have been included as an appendix ( i.e. Appendix 5 ) to BS-7671:2008:2011:2015: :icon_bs:
What the regulations are stating. The following notes concerning external influences are offered as Guidance.

132.5. Environment conditions
132.5.1. The design of the electrical installation shall take into account the environmental conditions to which it will be subjected .

re-cap . ↑
[ Equipment likely to be exposed to weather, corrosive atmospheres or other adverse conditions shall be so constructed or protected as may be necessary to prevent danger arising from such exposure. ]

512.2. External influences Etc.
512.2.2. Equipment shall be of a design appropriate to the situation in which it is to be used or it’s mode of installation shall take account of the conditions likely to be encountered .

530.3. requirements from the regulations . General; External Influences
Equipment shall be selected and installed to provide for the safety and proper functioning for the intended use of the installation. Equipment installed shall be appropriate to the (( external influences foreseen ))

 

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Chapter 52.
Selection and Erection of Wiring Systems .

526. Electrical Connections’ . :icon_bs:
526.6. There shall be no appreciable mechanical strain on the connections of conductors.
526.7. Where a connection is made in an enclosure the ((enclosure shall)) provide adequate mechanical protection and protection against relevant External influences

 

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long way for a short-cut.

External influences are all over the regulations. (know your IP codes )

learning curve only . 702.414.4. Requirements for SELV and PELV circuits.

702.414.4.5. Where SELV is used, whatever the nominal voltage, basic protection shall be provided by :
416.1 - Basic insulation ; or
Barriers or enclosures and affording a degree of protection of at least IPXXB or IP2X. Complying with 416.2. :icon_bs:

 

[amberleaf]

Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

Learning curve only. :icon_bs:

702.55.4. Special requirements for the installation of electrical equipment . etc refer ........................................

Fixed equipment designed for use in swimming pools and other basins ( e.g. filtration system, jet steam pumps ) and supplied at low-voltage is permitted in zone 1 , subject to all the following requirements being met:

- The equipment shall be located inside an insulating enclosure providing at least Class II or equivalent insulation and providing protection against mechanical impact of medium severity ( AG2)

P /406 ( Code > AG - External influences : Mechanical stress impact ) & ( External influences : AG2 - Medium severity )

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

Leaning cure only . ( Where do I use the IP Codes )

P/216 . Fig - 702.1. Zone dimensions for swimming pools and paddling pools . :icon_bs:

Equipment selected for Zone 2 would need to be manufactured to an IP rating of IPX2 (drip proof) for indoor locations, IPX4 (splashproof) for outdoor locations or, where water jets are likely, IPX5 (jet proof). Again, the manufacturers’ guidance on installation and suitability should be followed.

:book: Zone 0 – the interior of the swimming pool basin
Zone 1 – the area surrounding the edge of the pool for a distance of 2.0 m and a height of 2.5 m
Zone 2 – the area surrounding Zone 1 for a further distance of 1.5 m and a height of 2.5 m

NOTE it is important to remember that because the swimming pool is considered a special installation or location, due to the wet conditions, basic protection for any SELV circuit must have basic insulation or the conductors must be behind barriers and enclosures to at least IP2X.

Index of protection IP codes for general guidance.
Zone 0 :- Minimum degree of protection :- IPX8.
Zone 1 :- IPX4 or IPX5 for water jets likely to occur for cleaning purposes.
Zone 2 :- IPX2 for indoor locations, IPX4 for outdoor locations and IPX5 or water jets likely to occur for cleaning purposes .

 

[amberleaf]

Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

P/216 . Fig - 702.1. Zone dimensions for swimming pools and paddling pools .

The power or right to decide or act according to one's own judgment ........... :aureola:


For zone 0, the protective measure against electric shock would need to be provided by SELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding 12V.

Equipment selected for the interior of the basin (Zone 0) would need to be manufactured to an IP code of IPX8.

For Zone 1, the protective measure against electric shock would need to be provided by SELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding 50V.

Equipment selected for Zone 1 would need to be manufactured to an IP code of IPX4 (splashproof) or where water jets are likely, IPX5 (jet proof)

BS:7671 allows a conventional BS 1363 socket outlet, providing it is non-metallic, to be installed at least 1.25 m from the edge of the pool and at least 0.3 m from the floor. The protective measure against electric shock for this socket outlet circuit would generally be automatic disconnection of supply with the additional protection of a 30mA RCD.

Lighting circuits in Zone 1 do not necessarily need the protective measure of SELV if they are installed on a wall within the zone’s dimensions providing that:
• The circuit protected by automatic disconnection of the supply and additional protection is provided by a 30mA RCD.
• The height from the floor to the luminaire is at least 2 m.
• The luminaire shall have an enclosure providing Class II or equivalent insulation.
• Protected against impact of medium severity (AG2).
• Automatic disconnection of the supply (which includes earthing and bonding) used in Zone 2 would require the additional protection of a 30mA RCD.

Supplementary equipotential bonding shall be provided, connecting all extraneous conductive parts and exposed conductive parts in Zones 0, 1 and 2 together. Where a metal grid is installed in a solid floor, it should be connected to the local supplementary bonding.

Wiring systems, surface wiring or otherwise, should preferably not employ metallic conduit, trunking or exposed metallic sheath.

Underwater lighting located behind portholes, and serviced from behind, must comply with the appropriate part of BS-EN-60598 and be installed in such a way that no intentional (or unintentional) conductive connection between any exposed conductive part of the underwater luminaires and any conductive parts of the portholes can occur

P/306. BS-EN-60598 Luminaires . :book: :icon_bs:

 

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BS-7671:2008:2011:2015:

Special installations or locations because of the increased risk of shock arising from the fact that a person’s body resistance is significantly reduced when wet and only partially clothed and by good contact with earth.

Locations require a higher degree of protection for equipment, which is likely to be subject to water splashes or sprays.

Special requirements not only apply to the swimming pool but also to the surrounding area.

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

Equipment selected for the interior of the basin (Zone 0) would need to be manufactured to an IP rating of IPX8, which means that the underwater lighting equipment would be able to withstand any water ingress when totally submerged with water under a pressure greater than 0.1 bar. The manufacturers’ guidance on installation and suitability should be followed, and you should also confirm that the underwater luminaire complies with BS-EN-60598-2-18.

P/306. BS-EN-60598-2-18:1994 + A1:2012. Luminaires.
Particular requirements, Luminaires for swimming pools and similar applications . 702.55.2. 702.55.3. :icon_bs:

 

[amberleaf]

Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

There are two sets of code’s to relate to (IP) wise.

1) International Protection (IP) Code’s ...... ◄ :uhoh2:
2) Ingress Protection. (British) BS-7671: ◄ P/405. IP codes. :icon_bs:


416.2 Barriers or enclosures
Note: Barriers or enclosures are intended to prevent contact with live-parts.

A letter (B) is sometimes added after (XX) IPXXB the XX means that the first and second numbers are NOT specified . (B) Means finger protection is provided against any hazard in the Enclosure.

Electrical equipment (Enclosures) are specified in the form (IPXX?) As appropriate.
“ first ” and/or “second ” X is replaced by a number . IP2X. IP??2X )

416.2.1. Live parts shall be inside enclosures or behind barriers providing at least the degree of protection IPXXB or IP2X . Refer. Etc
416.2.4. (iii)
where an intermediate barrier providing a degree of protection of at least IPXXB or IP2X . prevents contact with live-parts, by the use of a key or tool to remove the intermediate barrier

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

Notes IP Codes .
First :
- Degree of protection is stated in form ((IPXX))
- Protection against contact or ingress of water respectively is specified by replacing first or second (X) by digit number tabled e.g. (IP2X) defines an (enclosure) giving protection against finger contact but without any specific protection against Ingress of water or Liquid .

This information should be used for general guidance only. Refer to BS-EN-60529. for full information.
Where the first or second numeral is not required to be specified, it is replaced by the letter (X)

There are two sets of code’s to relate to (IP) wise.

1) International Protection (IP) Code’s ...... ◄
2) Ingress Protection. (British) BS-7671: ◄ P/405. IP codes. :icon_bs:

 

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What new to BS-7671:2015

Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION code. 412.2.2.3. :uhoh2: :book:

BS-7671:2015.
P/41. - Abbreviations used in the Standard. (IP) International Protection Code . ◄◄◄ :30:

P/66. - 412.2.2.3. Where a lid or door in an insulating enclosure can be opened without the use of a tool or key, all conductive-parts which are accessible if the lid or door is open shall be behind an insulating barrier (providing a degree of protection not less than (IPXXB or IP2X) preventing persons from coming unintentionally into contact with those conductive-parts . This insulating barrier shall be removable only by the use of a tool or key.

 

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Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

P/234 - Section 709
Marinas and Similar Locations. :svengo:

IP characteristic numerals .
First -
a) Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts inside enclosure(s)
b) Protection of equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects.

Second - Protection of equipment against ingress of water.
No. Degree of protection
First - 0
(a) Not protected
(b) Not protected
Second - Not protected

First - 1
(a) Protection against access to hazardous parts with the back of the hand.,
(b) Protection against foreign solid objects of 50 mm diameter and greater.
Second - Protection against vertically falling water drops.

First - 2
(a) Protection against access to hazardous parts with finger
(b) Protection against solid foreign objects of 12.5 mm diameter and greater.
Second - Protection against vertically falling water drops when enclosure tilted up to 15° vertically falling water drops shall have no harmful effects when the enclosure is tilted at any angle up to 15° from the vertical.

First - 3
(a) Protection against contact by tools, wires or such like more than 2.5 mm thick.
(b) Protection against solid foreign objects of 2.5 mm diameter and greater.
Second - Protection against water spraying at an angle up to 60° on either side of the vertical.

First - 4
(a) As 3 above but against contact with a wire or strips more than 1.0 mm thick.
(b) Protection against solid foreign objects of 1.0 mm diameter and greater.
Second - Protection against water splashing from any direction.

First - 5
(a) As 4 above
(b) Dust-protected (dust may enter but not in amount sufficient to interfere with satisfactory operation or impair safety)
Second - Protection against water jets from any direction.

First - 6
(a) As 4 above.
(b) Dust-tight (no ingress of dust)
Second - Protection against powerful water jets from any direction.

First - No code.
Second - 7
Protection against the effects of temporary immersion in water. ingress of water in quantities causing harmful effects is not possible when enclosure is temporarily immersed in water under standardized conditions.

First - No code.
Second - 8
Protection against the effects of continuous immersion in water under conditions agreed with a (manufacture)

 

[amberleaf]

Only be treated as an aide-mémoire to the Regulations and Electricians should always consult BS-7671:2015: to satisfy compliance.

P/234 - Section 709
Marinas and Similar Locations.

Risks at Marinas.

Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code)
Code letters IK
(international mechanical protection) :30:

Characteristic group numeral
(00 to 10) ... example. IK/05

Each Characteristic group numeral represents an impact energy value as Shown below.
IK Code: IK00, IK01, IK02, IK03, IK04, IK05, IK06, IK07, IK08, IK09, IK10.

Impact energy
IK00 - No protection specified
IK01 - 0.15.
IK02 - 0.2.
IK03 - 0.35.
IK04 - 0.5.
IK05 - 0.7.
IK06 - 1.
IK07 - 2.
IK08 - 5.
IK09 - 10.
IK10 - 20.

Where higher impact energy is required, the value of 50 joules is recommended.

 

[Richard Burns]

Posted by request
Re-cap prior to the next edition:
Circuits Requiring Additional Protection (30mA RCD)

• Location: Sockets in dwellings up to 20A
Regulation No. 411.3.3.
Notes:
All sockets up to 20A rating must be 30mA RCD protected unless labelled for a particular item of equipment. The provision for omission of RCD protection where there is a Risk Assessment does NOT apply to dwellings.

• Location: Sockets in commercial premises
Regulation No. 411.3.3.
Notes:
All sockets up to 20A rating must be 30mA RCD protected unless labelled for a particular item of equipment. Or if there is a written risk assessment to say RCD protection is not required.

• Location: Mobile equipment outdoors with a rating of up to 32A
Regulation No. 411.3.3.
Notes:
Includes 3 phase supplies. No exceptions.

• Location: All low voltage circuits in a bathroom
Regulation No. 701.411.3.3. 701.415.2.
Notes: (None)

• Location: Circuits passing through bathrooms Zones 1 and/or 2
Regulation No. 701.411.3.3.
Notes:
Only applies to Zones 1 and 2, not to cables outside the Zones.

• Location: Cables without mechanical protection at a depth of less than 50mm in a wall
Regulation No. 522.6.202. 522.6.204
Notes:
Cables should be in Safe Zones and 30mA RCD protected.

• Location: Cables in walls with internal metal construction unless protected
Regulation No. 522.6.203. 522.6.204
Notes: Unprotected cables such as twin and earth in metal studwork walls.

• Location: Swimming pools
Regulation No. 702.410.3.4.2. 702.419.3.4.3. 702.53 702.55.1
Notes: Supplies to equipment in the Zones.

• Location: Saunas
Regulation No. 703.411.3.3.
Notes: All circuits in the sauna.

• Location: Construction sites
Regulation No. 704.410.3.10
Notes: 230/400V Sockets up to 32A.

• Location: Agricultural and Horticultural Premises
Regulation No. 705.411.1.
Notes: Sockets up to 32A.

• Location: Caravan and camping sites
Regulation No. 708.553.1.13.
Notes: All socket outlets. Each socket outlet to have individual RCD.

• Location: Caravans
Regulation No. 721.411.
Notes: All circuits and must interrupt all live conductors.

• Location: Marinas
Regulation No. 709.531.2.
Notes: Socket outlet. Device must disconnect all poles including the neutral. Sockets to be individually protected by an RCD.

• Location: Medical locations
Regulation No. 710.531.2.4. 710.411.4
Notes: Socket outlets and all circuits up to 63A in Group 1 locations.

• Location: Exhibitions, shows and stands
Regulation No. 711.411.3.3.
Notes: All socket outlets. All circuits other than those supplying emergency lighting.

• Location: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power supplies
Regulation No. 712.411.3.2.1.2.
Notes: May be required for supply cable and RCD needs Type B.

• Location: Outdoor lighting installations
Regulation No. 714.411.3.3.
Notes: Lighting in telephone kiosks, bus shelters, advertising panels and town plans.

• Location: Mobile or transportable units
Regulation No. 717.515.1
Notes: LV circuits supplying equipment outside the unit.

• Location: Electric vehicle charging installations
Regulation No. 722.531.2.101.
Notes: Every charging point to have individual RCD that disconnects all live conductors.

• Location: Temporary installations for structures, amusement devices, fairgrounds etc
Regulation No. 740.415.1.
Notes: All lighting circuits, sockets up to 32A and mobile equipment up to 32A.

• Location: Floor and ceiling heating systems
Regulation No. 753.415.1.
Notes: Circuit supplying heating system.